By Uncle Bob’s AI and JM Cozzoli
Cults, hereditary orders, and esoteric sects run through Lovecraft’s oeuvre. These organizations (groups) are the human side, mostly, of the Mythos: ordinary people, questionable people, and those that are not quite people, who have gladly or dangerously made contact with the Great Old Ones and the Outer Gods, while awaiting, summoning, or trying to hobnob with them. This incomplete but important primer lists the principal groups in Lovecraft’s own writing, then broadens to later authors who borrowed, extended, and tricked them out into the growing Cthulhu Mythos. References are cited at the end.
In Lovecraft’s Own Writing
The Cult of Cthulhu The Call of Cthulhu (1928)
A diffuse, worldwide secret cult that worships the Great Old Ones and awaits the day “when the stars are right” and Cthulhu rises from sunken R’lyeh. Lovecraft shows it through degenerate swamp worshippers in the Louisiana bayous and the Esquimaux diabolists of Greenland, with others alluded to in New Zealand and beyond, united by the chant “Ph’nglui mglw’nafh Cthulhu R’lyeh wgah’nagl fhtagn.” The captured cultist Old Castro supplies its doctrine. The story was first published in Weird Tales in February 1928, and this cult is the template for nearly every Mythos cult that follows.
The Esoteric Order of Dagon The Shadow over Innsmouth (1936)
A hereditary religious order founded by Captain Obed Marsh in the decayed Massachusetts port of Innsmouth, where it displaced the town’s Christian churches after Marsh returned from the South Seas around 1838. Members worship Dagon, Mother Hydra, and (to a lesser degree) Cthulhu, and interbreed with the amphibious Deep Ones in exchange for gold and bountiful fishing. Written in 1931 and first published in 1936, it is Lovecraft’s most realized cult, most alluded to by later writers.
The Church of Starry Wisdom The Haunter of the Dark (1936)
A Providence sect founded around 1844 by Professor Enoch Bowen, an archaeologist and occultist, which used the Shining Trapezohedron to summon and commune with an avatar of Nyarlathotep, the “Haunter” of the title. Public outcry and a string of disappearances eventually shut it down. Lovecraft wrote the story for his correspondent Robert Bloch as part of a friendly exchange of tales, and the church has had a long afterlife in other hands.
The Witch-Cult of Keziah Mason The Dreams in the Witch House (1933)
The lineage of Keziah Mason, a Salem witch who vanished from captivity in 1692 and used non-Euclidean geometry to slip between dimensions. She is served by the rat-like familiar Brown Jenkin and ultimately by the Black Man — Nyarlathotep in human guise — having signed the Book of Azathoth. First published in the July 1933 Weird Tales, the story fuses period witch-cult lore with Mythos cosmology.
The Red Hook Cult The Horror at Red Hook (1927)
A syncretic immigrant cult in Brooklyn led by the wealthy scholar Robert Suydam, worshipping Lilith and pre-human powers through Kabbalistic and Near-Eastern ritual. More occult-criminal than cosmic, it is an early sketch of the esoteric group idea Lovecraft would later perfect.
The Kingsport Yule Cult The Festival (1925)
A hereditary New England family cult that performs an ancient subterranean Yuletide rite beneath the old town of Kingsport. Less a formal organization than an inherited tradition of worship passed down through bloodlines. Leave it to Lovecraft to dampen the Christmas spirit.
Human Servitors of the Mi-Go The Whisperer in Darkness (1931)
Not a named body, but a network of human agents who do the bidding of the Mi-Go (the Fungi from Yuggoth) in the Vermont hills, helping conceal the aliens’ presence and their practice of removing human brains into cylinders for transport between worlds.
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Lovecraftian Esoteric Groups
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